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Experiment of Standardization of Sodium Hydroxide Details
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<h2>Lab Experiments (Write protocols and perform experiments based on these):</h2> <ol> <li><a href="https://youtu.be/YX9-1pSiLbc">Standardization of NaOH Solution</a></li> </ol> <h2>Lab Techniques (Write protocols and perform experiments based on these):</h2> <ol> <li><a href="https://youtu.be/fVqDaYcMViI">Making 0.1 M NaOH Solution</a></li> <li><a href="https://youtu.be/n6SdVEK4BpM">Preparing the Burette</a></li> </ol> <h2>Data analysis and calculations (Use these if you need help with your data and calculations)</h2> Tutorial on standardization <h2>The prelab must include Experimental Protocol, Chemical Table and Equipment Table.</h2> <h2>The lab report requires all sections (including prelab sections) to be completed in one document.</h2> <strong> </strong>
Experimental Protocol
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<ol> <li>(Analysis) Watch the experiment videos. Take notes on the protocol. Stop the video and re-watch as necessary to acquire the details of the procedure. Write out the protocol for each part of the experiment. (It can be written in sequential steps. Complete sentences are not necessary.) This is the protocol you will follow, so be detailed.</li> </ol> <ol start="2"> <li>(Manipulation) Show the calculation to determine the number of grams of NaOH needed to create a 0.1M NaOH solution in a 500 mL volumetric flask.</li> <li>(Manipulation) Show the calculation to determine the approximate volume of NaOH that is needed to neutralize the KHP.</li> </ol>
Chemical Table
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(Representation) Prepare your chemical table including the materials you will use in the experiment. Here is a general template that you may use. <table width="671"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="71">Chemical Name</td> <td width="71">Chemical Formula</td> <td width="71">Molar Mass (g/mol)</td> <td width="71">Hazards</td> <td width="71">Reference</td> <td width="71">PPE</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"><strong><u>Sodium Chloride</u></strong></td> <td width="71"><strong><u>NaCl</u></strong></td> <td width="71"><strong><u>58.5</u></strong></td> <td width="71"><strong><u>Skin irritation</u></strong></td> <td width="71"><a href="https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm"><strong>https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm</strong></a></td> <td width="71"><strong> </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Equipment Table
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(Analysis) Identify the equipment (type AND size) needed for the experiment and include the name and an image of each. Be sure to describe the equipment, how to use it, and why it is suitable for this use. <table width="720"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="71">Equipment Name</td> <td width="71">Equipment Picture</td> <td width="71">Intended Purpose</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data Collection
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<ol> <li>(Acquiring competencies) Following your detailed protocol based on the videos, perform all the experiments. Record your observations and take pictures of your key steps in the process. Your observations and images need to be incorporated in your data section and this section should be as detailed as possible as you will use this information to complete your discussion.</li> <li>(Acquiring competencies) Following your detailed protocol based on the videos. <strong>Filling your burette with the NaOH solution</strong>, perform the standardization of the 0.1 M NaOH with KHP three times. Record your observations. (You should have three charts, one for each titration)</li> </ol> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="71">Starting volume (mL)</td> <td width="71">Volume read on burette at equivalence point (mL)</td> <td width="71">Volume added (mL)</td> <td width="71">Color</td> <td width="71">Notes (before equivalence point, at equivalence point, after equivalence point)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ol start="3"> <li>(Manipulation) Show the calculation to determine the number of grams of NaOH needed to create a 0.1M NaOH solution in a 500 mL volumetric flask.</li> <li>(Manipulation) Show the calculation to determine the approximate volume of 0.1M NaOH needed to neutralize the KHP in this experiment.</li> </ol>
Data Processing
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<ol> <li>(Representation) Fill out the following table with your data from the KHP experiment.</li> </ol> <table width="678"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="71">Approximate [NaOH] (M)</td> <td width="71">Actual mass of KHP (g)</td> <td width="71">Moles of KHP (mol)</td> <td width="71">Moles of NaOH (mol)</td> <td width="71">Volume of NaOH solution to color change (mL)</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">0.1M</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">0.1 M</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">0.1M</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ol start="2"> <li>(Manipulation) Estimate the uncertainty in your measurement, the standard deviation of the mean (average) volume added.</li> </ol> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71">Volume Added (mL)</td> <td width="71">Deviation from the mean</td> <td width="71">Deviation Squared</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">Titration 1.</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">Titration 2.</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">Titration 3.</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">sum</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71">Divide by 3 to find mean</td> <td width="71">Divide square deviation by 3 and take the square root to find standard deviation</td> <td width="71">N=number of data points</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71">mean</td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71">Standard deviation</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71">Divide by N<sup>1/2</sup></td> <td width="71"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71"></td> <td width="71">Standard deviation of the mean</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ol start="3"> <li>(Representation) Write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction of KHP with NaOH.</li> <li>(Analysis) Classify the observed reaction of KHP with NaOH.</li> <li>(Analysis) Find the endpoint of each of your titrations (the mL if you do not know how to calculate pH or pH at which your solution changes color).</li> <li>(Manipulation) Calculate the molarity of the NaOH based on each titration.</li> <li>(Manipulation) Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution (find the average value from #6).</li> <li>(Manipulation) Assuming your average to be the correct value, calculate the % error in each of your titrations.</li> <li>(Assumptions and Analysis) Fill in the following table using the observations and data from your experiments.</li> </ol> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="212">Assumptions made</td> <td width="192">Testing the assumption</td> <td width="219">If assumptions are wrong ...</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="212">NaOH is not a stable solid.</td> <td width="192">Leave uncovered for an hour and check.</td> <td width="219">Weigh it before and after.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="212"></td> <td width="192"></td> <td width="219"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
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