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Experiment of Piezoelectricity Testing Details
VIDEO LINKS:
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<h1>Consider before watching the videos:</h1> How can a crystal be used to measure time? <h2>Lab Experiments (Write protocols based on the videos then complete your protocols as you perform experiments in class):</h2> <ol> <li><a href="https://youtu.be/-6tM2xFDC30?si=gkcgEJWWiG1YPtMd">Piezoelectricity testing</a></li> </ol>
Experimental Protocol
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(Analysis) Watch the experiment videos. Take notes on the protocols. Stop the videos and re-watch as necessary to acquire details of the procedure. Write out the protocol for each part of the experiment. (It can be written in sequential steps. Complete sentences are not necessary.) This is the protocol you follow, so be detailed.
Chemical Table
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(Representation) Prepare your chemical table including the materials you use in the experiment. Here is a general template that you may use. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="78">Chemical Name</td> <td width="78">Chemical Formula</td> <td width="68">Molar Mass (g/mol)</td> <td width="77">Hazards</td> <td width="314">reference</td> <td width="56">PPE</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="78"><strong><u>Sodium Chloride</u></strong></td> <td width="78"><strong><u>NaCl</u></strong></td> <td width="68"><strong><u>58.5</u></strong></td> <td width="77"><strong><u>Skin irritation</u></strong></td> <td width="314"><a href="https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm"><strong>https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm</strong></a></td> <td width="56"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="68"> </td> <td width="77"> </td> <td width="314"> </td> <td width="56"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="68"> </td> <td width="77"> </td> <td width="314"> </td> <td width="56"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="78"> </td> <td width="68"> </td> <td width="77"> </td> <td width="314"> </td> <td width="56"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Equipment Table
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(Analysis) Identify the equipment (type AND size) needed for the experiment and include the name and an image (picture) of each. Be sure to describe the equipment, how to use it, and why it is suitable for this use. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="240">Equipment Name</td> <td width="240">Equipment Picture or Description</td> <td width="240">Intended Purpose</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> <td width="240"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data Collection
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<ol> <li>(Acquiring competencies) Following your detailed protocol, perform all the experiments. Record your observations and take pictures of your key steps in the process. Your observations and images need to be incorporated in your data section and this section should be as detailed as possible as you will use this information to complete your discussion.</li> <li>(Representation) Organize your voltage measurements in the following table. You may use multiple tables or additional columns as needed.</li> </ol> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="145">Crystal</td> <td width="146">Orientation</td> <td width="143">Trial 1 Generated Voltage</td> <td width="142">Trial 2 Generated Voltage</td> <td width="142">Trial 3 Generated Voltage</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" width="145">Picture of crystal 1</td> <td width="146">Length × width</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Length × height</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Width ×height</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Width × length</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Height × length</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Height × width</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" width="145">Picture of crystal 2</td> <td width="146">Length × width</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Length × height</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Width ×height</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Width × length</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Height × length</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="146">Height × width</td> <td width="143"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> <td width="142"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data Processing
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<ol> <li>(Existing knowledge, research and views) Define piezoelectricity.</li> <li>(Existing knowledge, research and views) Describe how piezoelectric crystals work.</li> <li>Existing knowledge, research and views) Identify at least three historical applications where piezoelectric crystals were used with references.</li> <li>(Existing knowledge, research and views) Identify at least 3 materials that form piezoelectric crystals and provide at least one application for each (references).</li> <li>(Existing knowledge, research and views) Within your area of interest, describe at least two applications of piezoelectric crystals.</li> <li>(Experimental design) Describe the setup you used to determine if your crystal was piezoelectric.</li> <li>(Analysis) Comment on the purpose of each component in your setup.</li> <li>(Analysis) Describe how you determined that your crystal was piezoelectric.</li> <li>(Analysis) Give numeric support to identify whether your crystal showed directionality in its piezoelectric property. Use your data to show if and how the generated voltage depends on the orientation of your crystal.</li> <li>(Analysis) Identify at least one of the 12 principles of green chemistry applied in this experiment. Justify your selection. <a href="https://www.acs.org/green-chemistry-sustainability/principles/12-principles-of-green-chemistry.html">12 Principles of Green Chemistry</a></li> <li>(Assumptions and analysis) Fill in the following table using the observations and data from your experiments.</li> </ol> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="177">Assumptions made</td> <td width="271">Testing the assumption</td> <td width="224">If assumptions are wrong ...</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="177">No materials will show changes in voltage if tapped unless piezoelectric</td> <td width="271"> </td> <td width="224"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="177">Tapping the crystal can be accomplished with any material with the same result</td> <td width="271"> </td> <td width="224"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="177"> </td> <td width="271"> </td> <td width="224"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="177"> </td> <td width="271"> </td> <td width="224"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h1></h1> <strong><u> </u></strong> <h1>Summary</h1> The summary has two parts: an abstract and an experimental protocol reflecting the experiment that you actually performed. The abstract and experimental protocol should both be between 100-250 words, size 12 Arial font each. There may be multiple experimental protocols for one experiment. <h2>Part 1.</h2> <strong>Title of Experiment:</strong>
Discussion
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Abstract
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(This is a highlight of what you learned from performing the experiment and processing your collected data. Below is a template and an example of what you are expected to write.) In this lab experiment we investigated [purpose of your experiment] using [list the materials you worked with] and we found that [present the highlights of your results (include numbers)]. The results [present significant results]. The collected data compares to [draw conclusion about your results compared to other sources (this could be another group or the literature value)]. The [add type of measurement individually] measurement was collected using [describe instrument by sensitivity]. Think through this before writing: <ol> <li>Purpose: What were you trying to do?</li> <li>Materials used: What chemicals and materials did you work with?</li> <li>Method: What instruments were used to collect measurements and how were the measurements collected?</li> <li>Results: What did you find out about the objects under study?</li> <li>Significance: What did you learn about the precision and accuracy of your techniques? How do your determined values compare to reported values?</li> </ol> <h2>Part 2.</h2> <strong>Title of Protocol </strong>(Brief description of the experiment in bold) <h2>Experimental Protocol</h2> (This is a condensed and organized description of the protocol you actually completed during class. Use the exact amounts of materials and list the exact equipment that you used in performing the experiment. The length of this section depends on the complexity of your experiment, usually 3-4 sentences maximum in one paragraph.) (For each material and procedure)
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